Table 2 Nanoparticle-mediated T cell regulation in cancer therapy
From: Nanoparticles in tumor microenvironment remodeling and cancer immunotherapy
Nanoparticle | Cancer type/Cell line | Size (nm)/Zeta potential (mV) | Highlights | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Polymeric nanoparticles | Lung cancer/LLC cells | 75.9 ± 0.98 nm/32.5 ± 1.5 mv | ROS-responsive nanocarriers for the co-delivery of FGL1- and PD-L1-siRNA Development of nanoparticles from poly-l-lysine-thioketal and modified cis-aconitate to facilitate endosomal escape Functionalization of nanoparticles with iRGD peptide Enhancing infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in cancer immunotherapy | [305] |
Chiral nanoparticles | Lymphoma/EG7.OVA cells | - | Stimulation of NK and CD8+ T cells | [306] |
Biomimetic nanoparticles | Colon cancer/CT26 cells | - | The phospholipid nanoparticles (PL1) can provide targeted delivery of mRNA (CD137 or OX40) in the stimulation of T cells | [307] |
Cisplatin nanoparticles | Lung cancer/LLC | 14.4 ± 3.3 nm/-12.8 mV | Enhancing CD8+ T cell priming through elevating antigen presentation and providing T cell crosstalk | [308] |
Lipid nanoparticles | Colon cancer/MC38 cells | - | Stimulation of CD8+ T cells and reprogramming TME to disrupt the proliferation of cancer cells | [309] |
Endogenous antigen-carrying nanoparticles | Breast cancer/4T1 cells | −15 ± 3.3 mV | Increasing proliferation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and promoting the ratio of cytotoxic T cells compared to Treg cells | [310] |
Cationic polymeric nanostructures | Melanoma/B16F10 cells | 163.9 ± 0.61 nm, 523.9 ± 15 nm and 1278.3 ± 27 nm/less than 60 mV | Development of nanocarriers based on polyadmidoamine dendrimers and poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) Development of cancer vaccine Enhancing the number of T cells in the peripheral blood | [311] |
Platelet | Breast cancer/4T1 cells | −38.0 ± 0.4 mV | Co-delivery of anti-PD-L1 antibodies and iron oxide nanoparticles as photothermal agents in cancer therapy Stimulation of necrosis through phototherapy Stimulation of innate immune responses Promoting infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells | [312] |
Bacterial membrane-coated nanoparticles | Melanoma/B78 cells | 207Â nm/-11 mV | Comprised of PC7A/CpG core with immune system induction ability The presence of bacterial membrane and imide groups can increase antigen retrieval Capturing neoantigens and their presentation to dendritic cells Stimulation of T cell responses | [313] |
Photo-responsive prodrug nanoparticles | Colon cancer/CT26 cells | 88.1–119.2 nm | Delivery of VPF as photosensitizer, FRRG and doxorubicin Stimulation of immunogenic cell death ERP effect Maturation of dendritic cells for cross-presenting of antigens to T cells | [314] |
K3ZrF7:Yb/Er upconversion nanocarriers | Breast cancer/4T1 cells | 20 nm | Increasing ROS levels Capase-1 upregulation Gasdermin D cleavage IL-1β maturity Cytolysis induction Increasing dendritic cell maturation and promoting number of effector-memory T cells | [315] |
Prodrug nanoparticles | Colon cancer/CT26 cells | 70Â nm/-17 mV | Targeted delivery of camptothecin and assembling with PEGylated lipids Increasing half-life and blood circulation Enhancing infiltration of CD8+ T cells | [316] |
Lipid-coated calcium phosphate nanoparticles | Melanoma/B16F10 cells | 30Â nm/-20 mV | Apoptosis induction Acceleration of immunosuppression Polarization of macrophages into M1 phenotype Increasing CD8+ T cells | [317] |