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Table 1 Components of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway Frequently Deregulated in Cancer

From: Targeting tumorigenesis: development and use of mTOR inhibitors in cancer therapy

Target

Type of Protein

Genetic Aberration

Tumor Types

EGFR [88]

Tyrosine kinase receptor

Amplification, mutation

Colorectal, lung, gastric, pancreas, liver, lung, others

HER2 [89]

Tyrosine kinase receptor

Expression

Breast

ER [90]

Hormone receptor

Expression

Breast, endometrial

PTEN [91]

Lipid phosphatase

Silencing, allele loss

Glioma, endometrial, prostate, melanoma, breast

PI3KCA [92]

Serine-threonine kinase

Mutations

Colorectal, breast, lung, brain

TSC1 [93]

TSC complex protein

Mutation

Bladder

LKB1 [94, 95]

Serine-threonine kinase

Mutation, silencing

Colorectal, lung

K-ras [96]

GTP-binding kinase

Mutation

Colorectal, pancreas, lung, melanoma

BCR-ABL [97]

Tyrosine kinase

Translocation

CML, ALL

VHL [98]

Ubiquitin ligase

Loss of heterozygosity, mutation, silencing

Kidney, hemangioblastomas