Ref. | # | Median follow up (mo) | Stage | RT | Presciption dose | Local control | Dose to the optic pathway | Vision impairment | Blindness |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ogawa [3]†§ | 41 | 93 | T4: 31.7% | 2D | 54 Gy/27 frxǂ (40–70 Gy) | 59% | 54 & 60 Gy* | 7.3% | None |
Tiwari [4]†| 50 | n/a | IV: 50% | 2D | 64–70 Gy/32–35 frx ± brachytherapy to 82 Gy¶ | 62%; 16/19 recurrences are stage III or IV | n/a | 16% optic retinopathy & neuropathy | 2% unilateral blindness |
Jiang [5]§ | 219 | n/a | n/a | 2D | n/a | n/a | Retina: 58.3 Gy/29 frxǂ. | Ipsilateral: 33.7%. | 8.2% ipsilateral blindness due to optic neuropathy; bilateral blindness due to chiasm injury at 10 yrs: |
ON: 61.6 Gy/30 frxǂ; | Retinopathy: 20% when 50–60 Gy received; | 50–60 Gy: 8%; | |||||||
OC: 57.1 Gy/30 frxǂ | Optic neuropathy: 2.3% when optic nerve received 44–60 Gy (56 Gy); 34% when optic nerve received 61–78 Gy at 10 yrs | 61–76 Gy: 24%. | |||||||
Logue [6]§ | 152 | 61 | T4: 44% | 2D | 45-55 Gy/15–16 frx | 45.4% | n/a | n/a | 9.9% unilateral blindness, 2.0% bilateral blindness. |
Sakai [7]§ | 171 | ~ 60 | n/a | 2D | 50-70 Gy/25–35 frx | n/a | n/a | Ipsilateral: 74.6% | Ipsilateral: 63.7% |
Contralateral: 36.8% | Contralateral: 2.9% | ||||||||
Olmi [8] | 69 | n/a | T3-4: 88.4% | 2D | 42-72 Gy, 2 Gy daily or bid delivered with Co-60 or electrons | 56% | n/a | n/a | 13.6% (3/22) blindness (60 Gy/30 frx and 52 Gy/26 bid frx) |
Nakissa [9] | 30 | n/a | n/a | 2D | 34-86 Gy, various fractionation | n/a | n/a | 6.7% (after 65 Gy received) | 6.7% who received > 68 Gy |