Methods | Sensitivity * | Specificity# | Time§ | Virus | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Culture | +++ | ++++ | + | HSV, CMV, VZV, Influenza virus, RSV, PIV, adenovirus | Gold standard |
May take weeks before results return | |||||
Shell vial culture | ++ | +++ | ++ | HSV, CMV, VZV, Influenza virus, RSV, PIV, adenovirus | Reduce the testing time compared with culture |
Antigen detection | ++ | ++++ | ++++ | Most CARVs, herpesviruses, adenovirus | Quick results |
Poor sensitivity | |||||
PCR | ++++ | +++ | +++ | All are possible | Quick results |
High sensitivity | |||||
Histopathology and immunohistochemistry | NA | NA | NA | All are possible | Detect viruses in tissue |
Electron microscopy | ++ | NA | ++++ | All are possible | Require facility and experienced staff |
Serology | NA | NA | NA | NA | Less helpful in diagnosis |