From: Signaling pathways in the development of infantile hemangioma
Cell type | Abbreviation | Cell marker | Characteristics |
---|---|---|---|
Hemangioma-derived endothelial cell | HemEC | CD31/PECAM-1, vWF, E-selectin, VEGFR-2, Tie-2 and VE-cadherin | Immature endothelial cells; Clonal expansion; Increased proliferation, migration, tumor formation and survival ability. |
Hemangioma-derived endothelial progenitor cell | HemPEC | CD133*, VEGFR-2, CD34, CD31, CD146, VE-cadherin and vWF | Immature endothelial cells; Increased adhesion, migration and proliferation in the presence of endostatin or VEGF. |
Hemangioma-derived mesenchymal stem cell | Hem-MSC | SH2(CD105), SH3, SH4, CD90, CD29, α-SMA and CD133 | Multilineage differentiation: adipogenic, osteoblastic and myoblastic differentiation |
Hemangioma-derived stem cell | HemSC | CD90, CD133, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, neuroplin-1 and CD146 | Multilineage differentiation: ECs, neuronal cells, adipocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes; Form hemangioma-like Glut-1+ blood vessels in nude mice. |
Hemangioma-derived pericyte | Hem-pericyte | PDGFR-β, neural glial antigen-2, desmin, calponin, smooth muscle 22α, smooth muscle α-actin, α-SMA, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain and CD90 | Increased proliferation ability; Reduced contractility; Diminished ability to stabilize blood vessels in IH. |