Table 1 Identified biomarkers and their relevant drugs in selected cancers*
From: Strategies for modern biomarker and drug development in oncology
Biomarker | Drug | Drug action | Cancer type (Survival benefit) |
|---|---|---|---|
ALK | Ceritinib | Tyrosine kinase inhibitor of ALK | Lung cancer |
| Â | Crizotinib | Tyrosine kinase inhibitor of ALK | Lung cancer |
BRAF (V600E) | Dabrafenib | Inhibits B-RAF protein | Melanoma |
| Â | Trametinib | Inhibits MEK1 and MEK2 growth factor-mediated signaling | Melanoma |
| Â | Vemurafenib | Small molecule inhibitor of BRAF (V600E) kinase | Melanoma |
CTLA-4 | Ipilimumab | Monoclonal antibody directed against CTLA-4, enhancing T-cell activation | Melanoma |
EGFR | Afatinib | Irreversibly inhibits EGFR, HER2, HER4, mutant EGFR (exon 19, 21) | Lung cancer |
| Â | Cetuximab | Recombinant, chimeric, monoclonal antibody directed against EGFR | Colorectal cancer, SCCHN** |
| Â | Erlotinib | Reversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor of EGFR | Lung cancer, Pancreatic cancer |
| Â | Gefinitib | Tyrosine kinase inhibitor of EGFR | Lung cancer |
| Â | Panitumumab | Humanized monoclonal antibody directed against EGFR | Colorectal cancer |
HER2 | Lapatinib | Reversible tyrosine kinase inhibitor of EGFR, HER2 | Breast cancer |
| Â | Pertuzumab | Recombinant, humanized, monoclonal antibody preventing HER2 dimerization | Breast cancer |
| Â | Trastuzumab | Recombinant, humanized, monoclonal antibody directed against HER2 | Breast cancer, Gastric cancer |
| Â | Trastuzumab-mertansine (T-DM1) | Antibody-drug conjugate consisting of trastuzumab conjugated to DM1, which binds tubulin and disrupts microtubule assembly/disassembly dynamics | Breast cancer |
KIT | Imatinib | Tyrosine kinase inhibitor of c-kit | GIST*** |
| Â | Sunitinib | Tyrosine kinase inhibitor of VEGFR2, PDGFRb and c-KIT | GIST*** |
MEK | Trametinib | MEK1/2 inhibitor | Melanoma |