Cancer stem cells in basic science and in translational oncology: can we translate into clinical application?

Table 5 Molecular targets detectable in neoplastic stem cells (NSC)

Target type	Molecular target example	Potentially relevant as NSC-target in	Targeted drug example
Surface antigens	CD20	ALL, CLL	Rituximab [285,286]
	CD33	CML, AML	GO [85,282]
	CD44	AML	mAb [72]
	CD52	5q-AML, CLL	Alemtuzumab [77,287]
	CD123	AML	mAb [69]
	EGFR	Colon-Ca	Cetuximab [288]
	ERBB2	Breast/Gastric/	Trastuzumab [172]
		Ovarian-Ca
Cytokine receptors	KIT	GIST, CML	Imatinib [203,289]
	PDGFRA	CEL, GIST	Imatinib
	EGFR	Pancreas-Ca	Erlotinib [182]
	ERBB2	Breast-Ca	Lapatinib[290]
Signaling molecules	Hedgehog	Basal cell carcinoma	Vismodegib [291]
	BRAF	Melanoma	Vemurafenib [292]
	BTK	CLL	Ibrutinib [293]
	mTOR	Glioblastoma,	Temsirolimus [294,295]
		Renal cell carcinoma
Transcription factors	MYC	AML	JQ1 [296]
Niche-NSC-axis	CD26/DPPIV	CML	Gliptins [84]
	CD184/CXCR4-	Plerixafor [159]
	VEGF-VEGFR	-	Bevacizumab [297]
	SCF-KIT-axis-	Imatinib [203]

Abbreviations: ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; CLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia; CML, chronic myeloid leukemia; AML, acute myeloid leukemia; mAb, monoclonal antibodies, EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; Ca, carcinoma; GIST, gastrointestinal stroma cell tumor; CEL, chronic eosinophilic leukemia; PDGFR, platelet derived growth factor receptor; BTK, Bruton’s tyrosine kinase; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; MDR-1, multidrug-resistance protein 1; CSA, cyclosporine A; DPPIV, dipeptidyl-peptidase IV; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; SCF, stem cell factor.

ISSN: 1756-8722