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Figure 4 | Journal of Hematology & Oncology

Figure 4

From: F-BAR family proteins, emerging regulators for cell membrane dynamic changes—from structure to human diseases

Figure 4

F-BAR protein-mediated membrane dynamic changes lead to seven major cellular functions. F-BAR proteins bind to cell membrane resulting in membrane curvature changes leading to seven major cellular functions. 1. Endocytosis consists of 1(a) clathrin-dependent endocytosis, 1(b) caveolin-dependent endocytosis, and 1(c) caveolin and caveolin-independent endocytosis. F-BAR proteins are found to be involved in clathrin or caveolin-dependent endocytosis. In clathrin-dependent endocytosis, FCHO1 and FCHO2 bind to cell membrane associated with clathrin to initiate curvature, while CIP4, FBP17, Toca-1, PACSIN1-3, PSTPIP1, and FCHSD1 and FCHSD2 mediate the formation of vesicle which involve other associated proteins including (N-)WASP or WAVE. PACSIN1-3 along with GTPase dynamin can bind to membrane and cause vesicle constriction, scission, and release. In caveolin-dependent endocytosis, NOSTRIN lead to the initiation and formation of caveolin-dependent endocytic vesicle. 2. Phagocytosis: FBP17 binds to the membrane to mediate the formation of phagocytosis in macrophage. 3. Filopodium: Toca-1, srGAP1-3, PSTPIP2, PACSIN2, and GAS7 can cause the formation of filopodium, which is a finger-like protrusion extended by the mobile edge of the cell. 4. Lamellipodium: CIP4, FES/FER, and PSTPIP1 lead to the formation of lamellipodium, which is a sheet-like protrusion on the mobile edge of the cell. 5. Cytokinesis: PSTPIP1 can migrate to the cleavage furrow to mediate cytokinesis, which is fundamental for the growth and development of all eukaryotic organisms. 6. Adhesion: FER and PSTPIP1 are involved in cell adhesion, which can mediate the process of immune response and the attachment of circulating inflammation cell to the blood vessel wall. 7. Podosome: FBP17 and PSTPIP2 mediate the formation of podosome, which regulates the extracellular matrix degradation. Symbols listed in the framed box indicate representative F-BAR proteins.

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