EGFRvIII
|
Glioblastoma cells
|
Glioblastoma cells
|
Promotes tumor cell growth
|
[26]
|
Angiogenin, IL-8, VEGF
|
Glioblastoma cells
|
Endothelial cells
|
Promotes tube formation
|
[75]
|
∆Np73
|
Colon cancer cells
|
Colon cancer cells
|
Promotes tumor cell proliferation and therapy resistance
|
[27]
|
KRAS
|
Colon cancer cells (mutant KRAS)
|
Colon cancer cells (wild-type KRAS)
|
Enhances tumor cell growth
|
[97]
|
MET
|
Melanoma cells (highly metastatic)
|
Bone marrow progenitor cells
|
Promotes tumor growth and metastasis
|
[39]
|
HIF-1α
|
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells (EBV-positive)
|
NPC cells (EBV-negative)
|
Promotes tumor cell migration and invasion
|
[37]
|
αvβ6 Integrin
|
Prostate cancer cells
|
Prostate cancer cells
|
Promotes tumor cell migration
|
[98]
|
Survivin
|
Cervical cancer cells
|
Cervical cancer cells
|
Inhibits genotoxic stress-induced apoptosis and promotes cell proliferation
|
[25, 99]
|
Wnt5a
|
Macrophages
|
Breast cancer cells
|
Enhances tumor cell invasion
|
[100]
|
Wnt3a
|
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma side population (SP) cells
|
Neighboring non-SP cells
|
Modulates SP–non-SP transition and promotes tumor progression
|
[24]
|
FasL
|
Activated CD8+ T cells
|
Melanoma cells, lung cancer cells
|
Induces MMP9 expression and promotes lung metastasis
|
[43]
|
IL-6, CCL2, fibronectin
|
Multiple myeloma (MM) BM-MSCs
|
MM cells
|
Promotes tumor cell growth
|
[29]
|
Hsp72
|
Murine thymoma, mammary carcinoma, colon carcinoma cells
|
MDSCs
|
Induces immunosuppression and enhances tumor growth
|
[63]
|
TF
|
Squamous cells, colon cancer cells
|
Endothelial cells
|
Promotes coagulation
|
[71]
|
CD39, CD73
|
Bladder, colorectal, prostate, breast cancer cells
|
T cells
|
Induces adenosine production and inhibits T cell activation
|
[101]
|
TGF-β
|
Mesothelioma, prostate, bladder, colorectal, breast cancer cells
|
Fibroblasts
|
Induces myofibroblast differentiation and promotes tumor angiogenesis and growth
|
[66, 67]
|
TGF-β
|
Prostate cancer, gastric cancer
|
MSCs
|
Induces myofibroblast differentiation and promotes angiogenesis and invasiveness
|
[68, 102]
|
TGF-β
|
Pleural effusions of mesothelioma patients
|
NK cells, CD8+ T cells
|
Downregulates NKG2D expression and impairs cell killing activity
|
[103]
|
MICA*008
|
Cervical cancer cells
|
NK cells
|
Decreases NKG2D expression and reduces NK cytotoxicity
|
[104]
|
TGF-β, PGE2
|
Murine mammary adenocarcinoma cells
|
Bone marrow myeloid cells (CD11b+Ly6G+)
|
Induces MDSCs accumulation and immunosuppression
|
[61]
|
CCL20
|
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells
|
Regulatory T cells
|
Recruits and induces Treg conversion
|
[59]
|
KIT
|
Mast cells
|
Lung cancer cells
|
Accelerates cell proliferation
|
[105]
|
KIT
|
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) cells
|
Progenitor smooth muscle cells
|
Increases tumor invasiveness
|
[40]
|
Wnt11
|
Fibroblasts
|
Breast cancer cells
|
Promotes tumor metastasis
|
[42]
|
MIF
|
Pancreatic cancer cells
|
Liver Kupffer cells
|
Promotes metastasis
|
[47]
|
Hsp70
|
Renal cancer cells (murine Renca cell line)
|
MDSCs
|
Induces MDSCs activation and enhances tumor growth
|
[106]
|
Adrenomedullin
|
Pancreatic cancer cells
|
Adipocytes
|
Promotes lipolysis
|
[107]
|
S1P, CCL20, PGE2
|
Enteropathogenic bacteria-stimulated intestinal epithelial cells
|
Th17 cells
|
Promotes the development of colon cancer
|
[108]
|
miR-9
|
Lung cancer, melanoma, pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma, colorectal cancer cells
|
Endothelial cells
|
Induces tumor angiogenesis
|
[109]
|
miR-125b, 130b, 155
|
Prostate cancer (PC) cells
|
PC patient adipose-derived stem cells (pASCs)
|
Induces neoplastic transformation
|
[22]
|
miR-135b
|
Multiple myeloma cells (under chronic hypoxia condition)
|
Endothelial cells
|
Enhances endothelial tube formation
|
[36]
|
miR-10b
|
Metastatic breast cancer cells
|
Mammary epithelial cells
|
Promotes cell migration
|
[110]
|
miR-92a
|
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells
|
Endothelial cells
|
Promotes cell migration and tube formation
|
[35]
|
miR-210
|
CML cells (under hypoxia condition)
|
Endothelial cells
|
Promotes angiogenic activity
|
[34]
|
miR-223
|
IL-4-activated macrophages
|
Breast cancer cells
|
Promotes cell invasion
|
[44]
|
miR-222
|
Drug-resistant breast cancer cells
|
Drug-sensitive breast cancer cells
|
Transmits chemoresistance
|
[111]
|
miR-584, 517c, 378
|
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells
|
HCC cells
|
Promotes HCC cell growth and metastasis
|
[112]
|
miR-21, 29a
|
Lung cancer cells
|
Macrophages
|
Promotes tumor metastasis
|
[46]
|
miR-105
|
Metastatic breast cancer cells
|
Endothelial cells
|
Destroys tight junction, induces vascular permeability, and promotes metastasis
|
[33]
|
Pre-miRNAs, RISC-loading complex
|
Breast cancer cells
|
Non-tumorigenic epithelial cells
|
Induces cell transformation
|
[23]
|
miR-24-3p, 891a, 106a-5p, 20a-5p, 1908
|
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
|
T cells
|
Promotes T cell dysfunction and tumor progression
|
[60]
|
miR-221, 222
|
Gastric cancer tissue derived MSCs
|
Gastric cancer cells
|
Enhances tumor cell migration
|
[60]
|
miR-122
|
Breast cancer cells
|
Lung fibroblasts, brain astrocytes, and neurons
|
Reprograms systemic energy metabolism and facilitates metastasis
|
[113]
|
miR-23b
|
Bladder cancer cells (cellular disposal by exosome release)
|
None
|
Acquires metastatic potential
|
[38]
|
miR-503
|
Endothelial cells
|
Breast cancer cells
|
Impairs tumor cell growth
|
[114]
|
miR-140
|
Preadipocytes
|
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) cells
|
Enhances tumorigenesis
|
[115]
|
miR-127, 197, 222, 223
|
Bone marrow stromal cells
|
Breast cancer cells
|
Decreases cell proliferation and induces cell quiescence
|
[116]
|
TUC339
|
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells
|
HCC cells
|
Promotes tumor cell growth and inhibits cell adhesion
|
[81]
|
Linc-ROR
|
HCC cells
|
HCC cells
|
Reduces chemotherapy sensitivity
|
[82]
|