CD34
|
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
|
Immunoaffinity capture
|
Higher levels of CD34+ exosomes in AML patients
|
Plasma
|
[117]
|
EDIL-3/Del1
|
Bladder cancer
|
Western blot
|
Elevated expression in patients with high-grade bladder cancer
|
Urine
|
[118]
|
miR-101, 372, 373
|
Breast cancer
|
qRT-PCR
|
Highly expressed in breast cancer patients and elevated miR-373 expression in receptor-negative breast cancer patients
|
Serum
|
[119]
|
miR-21, 146a
|
Cervical cancer
|
qRT-PCR
|
Elevated expression in exosomes from cervical cancer patients than healthy controls and HPV(+) subjects
|
Cervicovaginal lavages
|
[120]
|
Let-7a, miR-1229, 1246, 150, 21, 223, 23a
|
Colon cancer
|
qRT-PCR
|
Highly expressed in exosomes from colon cancer patients
|
Serum
|
[121]
|
CD147, CD9
|
Colon cancer
|
Exoscreen
|
Higher levels of CD147/CD9 double-positive extracellular vesicles in cancer patients than healthy controls
|
Serum
|
[122]
|
miR-17-92a cluster
|
Colon cancer
|
qRT-PCR
|
Elevated expression in cancer patients and higher levels predict poorer prognoses
|
Serum
|
[123]
|
miR-21
|
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC)
|
qRT-PCR
|
Exosomal levels of miR-21 are significantly higher in patients with ESCC than those with benign diseases
|
Serum
|
[80]
|
LINC00152
|
Gastric cancer
|
qRT-PCR
|
Elevated expression levels in gastric cancer patients than healthy controls
|
Plasma
|
[83]
|
EGFRvIII (mRNA)
|
Glioblastoma
|
Nested RT-PCR
|
Mutated EGFRvIII could be detected in exosomes from 7 of 25 glioblastoma patients but not that from 30 healthy subjects
|
Serum
|
[75]
|
miR-718
|
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
|
qRT-PCR
|
Decreased expression of miR-718 in exosomes from HCC cases with recurrence after liver transplantation compared with those without recurrence
|
Serum
|
[124]
|
miR-21
|
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
|
qRT-PCR
|
Higher exosomal levels in patients with HCC than those with hepatitis or healthy controls
|
Serum
|
[125]
|
miR-17-3p, 21, 106a, 146, 155, 191, 192, 203, 205, 210, 212, 214
|
Lung cancer
|
miRNA array
|
Total exosome and miRNA levels are upregulated in lung cancer patients and these 12 miRNAs could be detected in exosomes
|
Plasma
|
[76]
|
LRG1
|
Lung cancer
|
Western blot
|
Patients with non-small cell lung cancer have an increased LRG1 expression in exosomes compared to healthy controls
|
Urine
|
[126]
|
TYRP2, VLA-4, Hsp70, MET
|
Melanoma
|
Western blot, multiplex protein analysis
|
The levels of these 4 proteins are increased in exosomes from stage III and IV patients compared to stage I patients as well as healthy controls
|
Plasma
|
[39]
|
CD63, caveolin-1
|
Melanoma
|
In-house sandwich ELISA (Exotest)
|
Melanoma patients have more CD63- and caveolin-1-positive exosomes compared to healthy controls
|
Plasma
|
[127]
|
Galectin-9
|
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)
|
Western blot
|
Exosomes from NPC patients but not that from healthy controls contain galectin-9
|
Serum
|
[128]
|
Claudin-4
|
Ovarian cancer
|
Western blot
|
Claudin-4 could be detected in exosomes from 32 of 63 ovarian cancer patients but only 1 of 50 healthy controls
|
Plasma
|
[129]
|
miR-21, 141, 200a, 200b, 200c, 203, 205, 214
|
Ovarian cancer
|
miRNA array
|
The levels of these 8 miRNAs are elevated in exosomes from ovarian cancer patients compared to healthy controls and benign tumors
|
Serum
|
[72]
|
miR-1246, 4644, 3976, 4306
|
Pancreatic cancer
|
qRT-PCR
|
Upregulated expression in pancreatic cancer patients compared to healthy controls
|
Serum
|
[130]
|
PTEN
|
Prostate cancer
|
Western blot
|
PTEN is exclusively expressed in exosomes of prostate cancer patients compared to healthy controls
|
Plasma
|
[131]
|
Survivin
|
Prostate cancer
|
Western blot, ELISA
|
Prostate cancer patients have more survivin-positive exosomes compared to healthy controls as well as patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia
|
Plasma
|
[132]
|
PSA, PSMA
|
Prostate cancer
|
Western blot
|
Detected in 20 of 24 exosomes from prostate cancer patients but not in healthy controls
|
Urine
|
[133]
|
miR-1290, miR-375
|
Prostate cancer
|
qRT-PCR
|
Highly expressed in castration-resistant prostate cancer patients and their levels are significantly associated with poor overall survival
|
Plasma
|
[134]
|
LncRNA-p21
|
Prostate cancer
|
qRT-PCR
|
Higher level of exosomal lncRNA-p21 in patients with prostate cancer than those with benign hyperplasia
|
Plasma
|
[135]
|