Fig. 1From: Programmed death 1 blockade, an Achilles heel for MMR-deficient tumors?Microsatellite instability is central in colorectal cancer carcinogenesis in both hereditary nonpolyposis syndrome and sporadic colorectal cancer through germ-line mutations in MMR genes or by hMLH-1 DNA methylation in the CIMP-H, respectively. Microsatellite instability affects DNA repair, transcription regulation, signaling, and apoptosisBack to article page