Fig. 1

Accumulation of an activated CD8+ T cell population in the BM of myeloma patients. a The dot plots show the gating strategy as well as the proportion of human CD8+ T cell subsets of a representative healthy and myeloma BM sample. The numbers indicate the percentage of naive (Tn: CD45RA+CD62L+), central-memory (Tcm: CD45RA-CD62L+), effector memory (Tem: CD45RA−CD62L−) and effector (Temra: CD45RA+CD62L−) CD8+ T cells. b Pie charts summarize the median proportion of Tn, Tcm, Tem, and Temra in PB and BM for 12 healthy and 16 myeloma samples. c Percentages of PD-1 expressing CD8+ T cell subsets (Tn, Tcm, Tem, and Temra) of healthy, age-matched controls and myeloma patients were assessed by flow cytometry (n = 11; median with interquartile range (IQR) is shown). Significance levels *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01