Fig. 2

Inhibition of cell proliferation in PDAC cells. a Growth inhibitory effects in PANC-1 cells after 72 h exposure to perifosine, MK-2206 and NVP-BEZ235. b Growth inhibitory effects after 72 h exposure to perifosine, gemcitabine, or their combination at a fixed ratio based on IC₅₀ values in LPC028 and LPC006 cells. On the X axis, the drug concentrations for the combination are referred to gemcitabine. c Mean CI of the perifosine/gemcitabine combination. CI values at FA of 0.5, 0.75. and 0.9 were averaged for each experiment, and this value was used to calculate the mean between experiments, as explained in the Methods section. d Effect of perifosine and gemcitabine. and their combination, at IC₅₀ values, on the volumes of PDAC spheroids after 72 h exposure. e Representative images of untreated spheroid versus spheroid treated with perifosine and gemcitabine (original magnification, ×40). Columns and points mean values obtained from three independent experiments, bars, SEM; *Significantly different from controls