PD-1, PD-L1 (B7-H1) and Tumor-Site Immune Modulation Therapy: The Historical Perspective

Table 1 Major contributions to the development of targeted cancer immunotherapeutics against CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 Pathways ^a

Contributions	CTLA-4	PD-1	PD-L1 (B7-H1)
Gene Cloning	Pierre Goldstein (1987) [59]	Tasuku Honjo (1992) [57]	Lieping Chen (1999) [47]
Inhibitory Function	Jeffery Bluestone (1994) [30] Arlene Sharpe (1995) [32] Tak Mak (1995) [33]	Tasuku Honjo (1999) [60]	Lieping Chen (1999) [47] Tasuku Honjo, Clive Wood (2000) [57] ^b Lieping Chen (2004) [68]
Ligand-receptor Interaction	Peter Linsley (1991) [25]	Tasuku Honjo, Clive Wood (2000) [57] ^b	Tasuku Honjo, Clive Wood (2000) [57] ^b
Function in cancer immunity	James Allison (1996) [34]	NagahiroMinato (2002) [63] Lieping Chen (2005) [70] Tasuku Honjo (2005) [71]	Lieping Chen (2002) [56] Nagahiro Minato (2002) [63]

^a The discovery of PD-L2 was made by Gordon Freeman and Arlene Sharpe (2001)[61], and Drew Pardoll (2001)[62]. Subsequent work on PD-L2 is not highlighted here
^b Gordon Freeman, Andrew Long and Yoshiko Iwai are the three co-first authors of this work, which renamed B7-H1 (its gene cloned one year earlier) to PD-L1

ISSN: 1756-8722