Fig. 5
Ovatodiolide treatment suppresses CRC tumorigenesis and colon sphere generation. a Cell viability assay (SRB) demonstrates that ovatodiolide is effective in suppressing cell viability in CRC cell lines. The IC50 values are indicated. The insert depicts the 2D chemical structure of OV (diagram adapted from PubChem CID 6451060; molecular formula C20H24O4; molecular weight 328.40216 g/mol). OV (OV 2.8 μM approximately IC10) effectively suppresses colony-forming (b), migratory (c), and self-renewal (d) abilities of both HCT116 and DLD-1 CRC cell lines. **P < 0.01. e OV-mediated inhibitory effects on CRC cells were associated with the decreased expression of YAP1, Kras/MEK/ERK, NF-kB, mTOR (oncogenic markers), β-catenin, Notch1 (stemness markers), and increased Bax (apoptosis marker). OV treatment (14 μM, 48 h, 1 × 106 HCT116 and DLD-1 cells). The number beneath each band represents the expression ratio of each signal normalized against actin (as 1)