Metabolism-associated danger signal-induced immune response and reverse immune checkpoint-activated CD40+ monocyte differentiation

Table 4 CD40⁺ MC is a novel and stronger pro-inflammatory MC subset compared with intermediated MC

Inflammatory features of human CD40⁺ MC were characterized using nine inflammatory surface makers by flow cytometry analysis (experimental details in Yang et al. [15]). WBC from healthy subjects were isolated and stained with anti-CD14, anti-CD16, and anti-CD40 antibodies and co-stained with surface markers for TC activation (CD86, CD80, and HLA-DR), adhesion receptors (CD62L, CD11b, and CD49d), and chemokine receptors (CCR2, CCR5, and CX3CR1). Compared with the previously established inflammatory intermediate MC subset, CD40⁺ MC expressed higher levels of CD86 and CCR2 and similar levels of other inflammatory markers. CD40⁻ MC expressed much lower levels of HLA-DR, CD49d, and CX3CR1 and similar levels of other inflammatory markers compared with non-classic MC
Abbreviations: MC monocyte, TC T cell, WBC white blood cells

ISSN: 1756-8722