Fig. 6

Inhibition of TNT formation ameliorates MSC-induced chemoresistance on primary T-ALL cells. Cytochalasin D (1 μM) was added to the coculture system with ara-C or MTX for 48 h. a Representative photos of human primary T-ALL cells and MSCs in the coculture system after the removal of nonadhesive human primary T-ALL cells. Scale bar, 100 μm. b Representative confocal microscopy images show that human primary T-ALL cell-derived mitochondria (Red+) were internalized in MSCs. Scale bar, 20 μm. The areas of red foci per field were calculated by ImageJ software. c The apoptosis rate was determined using annexin V/PI staining and FACS. d The percentages of annexin V-positive cells were calculated. e A CCK-8 assay was used to assess human primary T-ALL cell viability. f Graphic abstract: T-ALL cell/MSC adhesion-mediated mitochondria transfer contributes to MSC-induced chemoresistance. The data above are presented as the mean ± S.E.M. of three independent experiments (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; t test)