Fig. 5

ER stress induced by artesunate is limited to the malignant B-cells. a The expression of ATF-4, DDIT3, full length (FL) or cleaved (c) ATF-6 and HSP70 were analyzed in BL-41 and SU-DHL-6 cells treated with artesunate (Art). b Normal B-cells (2 of 4 donors shown) and BL-41 cells were treated with artesunate (a) or tunicamycin (T) (5 μM, 18 h) (n = 3–4). Anti-lamin-B, −β-Tubulin and -GAPDH were used as loading controls. c Cells were pre-treated with BSO (50 μM, 18 h) before exposure to increasing concentrations of artesunate for 24 h. Cell growth was measured using CellTiterGlo. Relative luminescence units (RLU) compared to untreated cells is shown (mean ± SD, n = 3 (cell lines) and n = 2 (normal B-cells; two donors))