Fig. 2From: The first-in-class alkylating deacetylase inhibitor molecule tinostamustine shows antitumor effects and is synergistic with radiotherapy in preclinical models of glioblastomaTinostamustine increases the effects of radiotherapy in glioma models in vitro (part I). a Clonogenic assay performed on U87MG, U251, A172, and T98G cells showing radio-sensitizing effects of tinostamustine (TINO). b Comparison between dose enhancement factor (DRE) calculated in U87MG, U251, A172, and T98G in cultures treated with Rt combined to SAHA, BDM, SAHA + BDM, and TINO and showing higher DRE values in the combination of TINO and RT. c Western blots for autophagy and necrosis marker expression in A172 cells used as representative cell line for this analyses. d ELISA determination of beclin 1 and p62 proteins in U87MG, U251, A172, and T98G cells. ELISA determinations performed in quintuplicate. Mean values (mean values ± standard errors, SD) were transformed as % versus relative controls. e Representative comet assay obtained in A172 cells treated with different doses of RT with or without 3.5 μM TINO. f Quantification of comet assays as percentage of comets (with intermediated/high comet tails) in U87MG, U251, A172, and T98G; Single results are representative of three different experiments performed in triplicate. Statistical analyses: *p < 0.005Back to article page