Table 1 The significance and function of CD44 isoforms

CD44s

Tumor growth, metastasis, low survival rate

Pancreatic cancer

[13]

CD44s

Progression

Breast cancer

[54]

CD44v3

Migration, overexpressed in tumor tissue

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

[80]

CD44v3

Proliferation and cisplatin resistance

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

[81]

CD44v4, CD44v5

Lung metastasis loci

Pancreatic cancer

[68]

CD44v6

Metastasis; association with liver metastasis

Pancreatic cancer

[60, 61, 67]

CD44v6

Epithelial phenotype cells expression

Prostate cancer

[75]

CD44v6

Tumorigenic and chemoresistance

Prostate cancer

[57]

CD44v6

Migration, metastasis, advanced stage of tumor

Colorectal adenocarcinomas

[15, 63]

CD44v6

Metastasis

Colon cancer

[15]

CD44v6,CD44v9

Correlates with lymph node metastasis, liver metastasis, and TNM stage

Pancreatic cancer

[56]

CD44v9

Lower survival rate, correlates with lymph node/liver metastasis, and TNM stage

Pancreatic cancer

[56]

CD44v9

Associated with worse prognosis, contributed to EMT-mediated invasion and migration

Bladder cancer

[200]

CD44v9

Inhibited assembly of p-cMet, AR, HSP90, P110α/PI3K, and CD44 into lipid raft like structures

Prostate cancer

[76]

CD44v4-10

Promoted adenoma initiation in Apc(Min/+)mice, tumor initiation

Colorectal cancer

[88]

CD44v8-10

Tumor initiation

Gastric cancer

[89]

CD44v8-10

Lung metastasis

Breast cancer

[70]

CD44v (v6-10,v7-10,v8-10)

Correlative study of CD44v expression on transgenic Gan mice

Gastric tumor

[86]

CD44v8-10 overexpression

Enhance chronic phase CML progenitor replacing capacity

Leukemia

[201]

CD44, isoforms not specified

Correlative study of CD44 expression on malignant stage

Prostate cancer

[73]

CD44, isoforms not specified

Increased colony formation, invasion

Prostate cancer

[79]

CD44, isoforms not specified

Poor prognosis, low survival rate, metastasis

Pancreatic cancer

[69]