MALAT1: a druggable long non-coding RNA for targeted anti-cancer approaches

Table 1 Mechanisms involved in dysregulated expression of the most relevant cancer-associated lncRNAs

Mechanism	lncRNA	Effect on lncRNA expression	Reference
Chromosomal deletion	DLEU1/2	Downregulation	[23]
Chromosomal amplification	PVT1	Upregulation	[28]
Polymorphisms in enhancer regions	HOTAIR	Upregulation	[29]
CpG methylation	KIAA0495	Downregulation	[32]
CpG methylation	MEG3	Downregulation	[34]
p53	lincRNA-p21	Upregulation	[40]
p53	PINT	Upregulation	[41]
p53	H19	Downregulation	[42]
MYC	MYCLo1/2	Upregulation	[46]
MYC	PCAT1	Upregulation	[50]
MYC	H19	Upregulation	[55]
MYC	HOTAIR	Upregulation	[29]
Notch1	LUNAR	Upregulation	[58]
Notch1	NALT	Upregulation	[59]
ER	DSCAM-AS1	Upregulation	[63]
ER	NEAT1	Upregulation	[64]

ISSN: 1756-8722