Fig. 5
From: Immune cell subset differentiation and tissue inflammation
Molecular and cellular modulation of immune cell subsets and its impact on atherosclerosis. Immune cell subsets play different roles in atherosclerosis and can be suppressed by individual endogenous inhibitors as indicated. a Inflamed phase in immunity. Inflammatory subsets are induced by antigens (Ag), inflammatory cytokines, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP), danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMP), in inflamed phase of disease and promote atherosclerosis. b Resolution phase in immunity. Anti-inflammatory subsets are induced in resolution phase of disease and suppress atherosclerosis. There are many inhibitors can could interfere with immune cell subset functions