Table 1 Some related clinical studies of RT combined with immunotherapy
From: Abscopal effect of radiotherapy combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors | Years | Tumors | Numbers of cases | Immunotherapy | RT | Sequence of RT and immunotherapy | Occurrence of abscopal effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Roger et al. [157] | 2018 | Melanoma | 25 | Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab, 2 mg/kg/3 weeks or nivolumab, 3 mg/kg/2 weeks) | 26 Gy/3–5 fractions | Concurrent and post-radiation | Observed |
Formenti et al. [135] | 2018 | Metastatic breast cancer | 23 | Anti-TGFβ (fresolimumab,1 mg/kg/3 weeks or 10 mg/kg/3 weeks) | 22.5 Gy/3 fractions | Concurrent | Observed |
RodrÃguez-Ruiz et al. [136] | 2018 | Advanced cancer | 15 | DC vaccination and TLR-3 agonist | Stereotactic ablative RT | Concurrent | Observed |
Aboudaram et al. [130] | 2017 | Melanoma | 17 | Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab, 2Â mg/kg/3Â weeks or nivolumab, 3Â mg/kg/3Â weeks) | 30Â Gy/10 fractions | Concurrent | Observed |
Theurich et al. [158] | 2016 | Melanoma | 45 | Anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab, 3Â mg/kg/3Â weeks) | SBRT | Concurrent and post-radiation | Observed |
Koller et al. [119] | 2016 | Melanoma | 70 | Anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab, 3Â mg/kg/3Â weeks) | Conventional external beam radiation and stereotactic radiosurgery | Concurrent | Observed |
Twyman-Saint et al. [145] | 2015 | Melanoma | 22 | Anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab) | Lung/bone 8 Gy × 2 or 8 Gy × 3 Liver/subcutaneous 6 Gy × 2 or 6 Gy × 3 | RT before ipilimumab | Observed |
Golden et al. [107] | 2015 | Metastatic solid tumors | 41 | GM-CSF (125 μg/m2/2 weeks) | 35 Gy/10 fractions | Concurrent | Observed |
Grimaldi et al. [118] | 2014 | Melanoma | 21 | Anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab, 3Â mg/kg/3Â weeks) | RT of brain metastasis or extracranial sites | RT after ipilimumab | Observed |
Hwang et al. [159] | 2018 | Metastatic lung cancer | 164 | Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 | Thoracic RT | RT before or after immunotherapy | Non-observed |
Shaverdian et al. [129] | 2017 | NSCLC | 97 | Anti-PD-1 (pembrolizumab, 2Â mg/kg/3Â weeks, 10Â mg/kg/3Â weeks, or 10Â mg/kg/3Â weeks) | Extracranial radiotherapy and thoracic radiotherapy | Ipilimumab after RT | Non-observed |
Kropp et al. [160] | 2016 | Melanoma | 16 | Anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab, 3Â mg/kg/3Â weeks) | SBRT | RT after ipilimumab | Non-observed |
Levy et al. [133] | 2016 | Metastatic tumors | 10 | Anti-PD-L1 (durvalumab, 10Â mg/kg/3Â weeks) | 28Â Gy/5 fractions (median) | Concurrent | Non-observed |
Kwon et al. [121] | 2014 | Castration-resistant prostate cancer | 799 | Anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab, 10Â mg/kg/3Â weeks) | 8Â Gy/target bone lesion | Ipilimumab after RT | Non-observed |
Slovin et al. [120] | 2013 | Castration-resistant prostate cancer | 50 | Anti-CTLA-4 (ipilimumab, 10Â mg/kg/3Â weeks) | 8Â Gy/target bone lesion | Concurrent | Non-observed |