From: Tim-3 expression and its role in hepatocellular carcinoma
Ligands | Location of Tim-3 | Functions |
---|---|---|
Gal-9 | CD8+ T cells | Dysfunction and apoptosis [76] |
Th1 cells | 1. Th1 cell death [12] 2. Expansion of granulocytic MDSCs and MDSC-mediated immunosuppression [72] | |
Treg | Cross-regulation between Th17 and Treg cells [93] | |
Monocytes | Reduced phagocytic activity and HLA-DR expression [46] | |
Macrophages | M2 polarization [15] | |
NK | Enhanced IFN-γ production [19] | |
PtdSer | Macrophages | Elimination of apoptosis cells and cross-presentation [17] |
DCs | Elimination of apoptosis cells and cross-presentation [17] | |
HMGB1 | CD8+ T cell | Prevent HMGB1-mediated T cell activation [94] |
DCs | Interfere with the recruitment of nucleic acids into DC endosomes [18] | |
CEACAM1 | T cells |