Fig. 4

Perspectives for the evolving modalities of immunotherapy in NSCLC. Treatment modalities involving immunotherapy in NSCLC had evolved from second-line setting to first-line setting. Prior immunotherapy, highly selective patients, and combination strategies had raised significant efficacy improvement but increased toxicities as well. Novel immunotherapy in the future combined with multiple novel biomarkers may infinitely consolidate the clinical role of immunotherapy in advanced NSCLC