Fig. 1

Strategies for targeting HER2-positive gastric cancer. Anti-HER2 antibodies included trastuzumab, pertuzumab, margetuximab, and ZW25. Anti-Her2 antibody conjugates included trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1), trastuzumab deruxtecan (DS-8201a), and SBT6050 (TLR8 agonist). Tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting HER2 included lapatinib, afatinib, dacomitinib, varlitinib, and neratinib. Fc receptors (FcR) expressed on NK cell (natural killer cell) bind to antibodies against HER2 and trigger anti-tumor immune response via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). NK cell products in combination with trastuzumab for HER2-positive tumors were under investigation. Immune checkpoint inhibitors target program death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), the co-inhibitory signals for T cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling, to enhance T cell anti-tumor immunity. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells expressing HER2-specific CAR maybe an option for HER2-positive gastric cancer. MHC major histocompatibility complex. The figure was created with Biorender.com.