Fig. 1

Glyphosate reduced survival and induced splenomegaly in Vk*MYC mice. a Schematic diagram of the chronic glyphosate exposure regimen in 4 groups of mice. b The percentage of mice surviving under glyphosate exposure. The line (blue) to indicate untreated WT mice aligned directly with that for WT treated mice and so was not visible. c Mouse spleen weight at sacrifice. d The total number of splenocytes per spleen from mice at sacrifice. e Representative images of spleens from 4 groups (2 per group). f The spleens from control and glyphosate-treated mice were fixed, embedded in paraffin, sectioned, stained with H&E, and examined by light microscopy. Representative H&E-stained spleen sections from glyphosate-treated Vk*MYC mice showing altered architecture with a reduction of lymphoid white pulp (WP) and an expansion of hematogenous red pulp (RP). Scale bar = 500 μm (top), 200 μm (middle), or 100 μm (bottom). Data in c and d were analyzed by one-way ANOVA (spleen from one treated Vk*MYC animal was not included due to an incidental damage). The horizontal lines indicate the mean value. n = 10 mice per group. *P ≤ 0.05; **P ≤ 0.01; ***P ≤ 0.001