Fig. 1

Bioinformatics analyses for the CTA screening. a Raw data were retrieved, and a heat map of the expression of 1019 CTAs in LUAD was created. b A total of 77 candidate CTAs were screened based on score ranking (normalized expression fold > 3%). c In total, 49 candidate CTAs that were exclusively expressed in the testis were screened (GTEx Portal database). d Four CTAs (MAGE-A1, ADAM2, TEX101, and Clorf49) that were expressed in the cytomembranes of cancer cells (expression confidence > 3) were screened (GeneCard database). e Two CTAs (MAGE-A1 and TEX101) had elevated RNA expression in LUAD tissues compared with the corresponding noncancerous tissues (expression fold change > 10, marked by a red box) and were selected (TCGA database). f One CTA (MAGE-A1) that was positively expressed in LC was screened and is marked by a red box (Human Protein Atlas database). g The screening diagram summarizes the entire process by which MAGE-A1 was finally identified as an appropriate CTA from among the original 1019 CTAs