APRIL and BAFF: novel biomarkers for central nervous system lymphoma

Table 1 Characterization of the study population and the CSF parameters

Diagnosis	Patient characteristics			CSF parameters
Diagnosis	N	Age	Sex (F/M)	Cells/μl	Atypical cells in x/N	Protein (mg/dl)	Glucose (mg/dl)	Albumin index CSF/serum [× 10⁻³]
Newly diagnosed PCNSL	30	70 (21–89)	13/17	7 (1–408)	8/30	67 (9–604)	64 (10–93)	10 (4–96)
Newly diagnosed SCNSL	7	66 (53–90)	2/5	9 (2–369)	1/7	73 (50–221)	54 (34–103)	13 (8–53)
Relapsed PCNSL	16	63 (23–84)	5/11	7 (1–202)	4/16	81 (38–448)	66 (12–99)	12 (3–65)
PCNSL complete remission	21	63 (27–78)	9/12	1 (0–8)	0/21	53 (21–106)	64 (51–88)	8 (2–49)
Primary brain tumor (PBT)	21	58 (21–83)	6/15	2 (0–204)	1/21	58 (25–160)	59 (53–89)	8 (2–22)
Metastatic brain tumor (MBT)	13	68 (31–77)	7/8	4 (0–80)	7/13	47 (15–191)	66 (45–98)	6 (4–13)
Autoimmune inflammatory disease (AID)	26	43 (19–72)	16/10	7 (0–144)	0/26	54 (24–116)	61 (51–101)	7 (2–19)
Neuroinfectious disease (NID)	3	47 (40–49)	1/2	7 (2–51)	0/3	66 (39–147)	56 (56–57)	13 (5–14)
Other neurologic disease (OND)	30	47 (18–85)	16/14	1 (0–3)	0/30	39 (22–83)	63 (47–91)	4 (3–12)

Abbreviations: N number, F female, M male. Data are presented as median (range). Detailed patient characteristics: 30 newly diagnosed PCNSL, all DLBCL; 27 diagnosed via histopathological confirmation, 3 diagnosed with flow cytometry and immunophenotyping. Twenty-seven immunocompetent, 3 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) associated. Seven newly diagnosed SCNSL: 6 DLCBL, 1 marginal zone B cell lymphoma; all immunocompetent. Sixteen relapsed PCNSL: all DLBCL; all immunocompetent. Twenty-one primary brain tumors: 8 glioblastoma multiforme, 7 astrocytoma, 1 oligodendroglioma, 1 ependymoma, and 4 medulloblastoma. Thirteen metastatic brain tumors: 3 breast cancer, 3 lung cancer, 5 malignant melanoma, and 2 metastasis of unknown primary; 5 of these 13 patients were diagnosed with concomitant meningeosis neoplastica. Twenty-six autoimmune-inflammatory disease: 16 multiple sclerosis or clinically isolated syndrome at manifestation, 2 neuromyelitis optica, 3 acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and 5 with stereotactic brain biopsy-proven autoimmune inflammation of unknown classification. Three neuroinfectious brain lesion: 1 fusobacterial brain abscess, 1 neurosyphilis, and 1 tuberculous meningoencephalomyelitis. Thirty other neurologic diseases without focal brain lesions: 17 headache, 4 neurodegenerative disease, 2 epilepsy, 2 myasthenia gravis, 2 normal pressure hydrocephalus, and 3 idiopathic facial palsy

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