Table 3 The DALY and age-standardized DALY rate in 1990 and 2017 and its temporal trends

1657.47 (1228.33–1843.22)

31.53 (23.56–34.73)

1378.17 (1155.06–1624.39)

17.77 (14.87–20.93)

− 2.29 (− 2.36 to − 2.21)

574.77 (393.26–677.46)

21.67 (14.99–25.31)

507.65 (400.13–605.67)

13.11 (10.28–15.63)

− 2.07 (from − 2.17 to − 1.98)

1082.7 (797.07–1238.41)

41.46 (30.69–47.65)

870.52 (704.9–1092.74)

22.47 (18.14–28.18)

− 2.4 (from − 2.46 to − 2.34)

 High SDI

234.61 (179.77–252.24)

21.48 (16.38–23.05)

149.39 (134.99–194.83)

10.57 (9.5–14.16)

− 2.64 (from − 2.75 to − 2.53)

 High-middle SDI

292.4 (202.91–339.63)

26.5 (18.43–30.8)

190.67 (151.93–207.8)

12.19 (9.71–13.31)

− 3.24 (from − 3.42 to − 3.06)

 Middle SDI

351.22 (245.53–401.7)

24.16 (17.1–27.57)

240.73 (198.08–276.18)

10.92 (9–12.57)

− 3.13 (from − 3.29 to − 2.97)

 Low-middle SDI

455.57 (329.84–533.96)

45.68 (34.46–53.23)

508.84 (405.49–610.97)

30.23 (24.34–36.3)

− 1.65 (from − 1.74 to − 1.56)

 Low SDI

318.61 (222.89–394.19)

49.23 (35.86–58.84)

286.14 (240.77–391.31)

24.16 (20.48–32.89)

− 2.82 (from − 2.91 to − 2.73)

8.58 (7.35–10.54)

24.62 (21–29.55)

7.1 (6.03–8.71)

12 (10.23–14.53)

− 2.52 (from − 2.63 to − 2.41)

3.67 (2.78–4.05)

16.53 (12.57–18.27)

3.33 (2.65–3.95)

9.96 (8–11.98)

− 1.73 (from − 1.93 to − 1.53)

5.42 (4.61–7.13)

16.37 (13.89–21.53)

9.24 (5.31–11.48)

18.97 (10.98–23.56)

0.61 (0.07–1.15)

16.85 (13.05–19.68)

26.31 (20.44–30.73)

15.79 (13.24–18.3)

17.32 (14.51–20.01)

− 1.66 (from − 1.86 to − 1.45)

53.33 (40.14–57.48)

39.5 (29.85–42.49)

25.32 (21.97–30.07)

17.7 (15.35–20.87)

− 3.18 (from − 3.27 to − 3.1)

40.8 (33.06–46.94)

28.79 (23.2–32.83)

38.03 (32.35–47.52)

15.1 (12.87–18.82)

− 2.42 (from − 2.61 to − 2.22)

11.13 (7.96–15.67)

24.99 (18.65–34.16)

16.85 (13.34–22.61)

17.8 (14.22–24.16)

− 1.32 (from − 1.43 to − 1.21)

263.58 (146.58–322.9)

22.06 (12.37–27.04)

96.35 (68.89–111.83)

5.51 (4.01–6.39)

− 5.99 (from − 6.55 to − 5.42)

89.73 (58.59–106.43)

37.42 (24.32–44.37)

60.16 (51.2–78.41)

25.61 (21.91–34.32)

− 1.99 (from − 2.38 to − 1.59)

107.84 (76.09–137.03)

61.51 (45.35–77.92)

133.49 (96.81–187.35)

37.39 (27.47–51.34)

− 2.11 (from − 2.26 to − 1.96)

7.41 (6.41–10.27)

3.82 (3.32–5.25)

8.16 (5.68–9.41)

3.17 (2.25–3.7)

− 0.16 (− 0.34–0.01)

70.8 (51.82–77.3)

22.69 (16.57–24.78)

51.21 (43.83–73.82)

12.23 (10.24–18.04)

− 2.44 (from − 2.57 to − 2.31)

130.28 (101.49–159.85)

42.68 (34.23–54.21)

144.86 (106.08–163.73)

24.9 (18.36–28.03)

− 1.86 (from − 1.93 to − 1.8)

1.14 (0.88–1.42)

20.81 (16.29–26.12)

2 (1.39–2.49)

17.62 (12.42–22.07)

− 0.33 (from − 0.48 to − 0.19)

454.42 (324.69–539.5)

42.57 (30.73–49.53)

393.94 (336.66–504.19)

22.16 (18.97–28.47)

− 2.49 (from − 2.6 to − 2.38)

101.9 (77.67–119.24)

24.49 (19.25–29.16)

83.02 (68.29–101.87)

12.39 (10.15–15.19)

− 2.58 (from − 2.65 to − 2.51)

12.61 (11.15–16.11)

25.86 (22.83–33.04)

10.49 (8.9–14.45)

14.5 (12.31–20.11)

− 2.17 (from − 2.32 to − 2.01)

6.28 (4.77–7.26)

14.22 (10.89–16.96)

9.06 (6.12–10.6)

12.28 (8.5–14.24)

− 0.32 (− 1.08–0.45)

30.89 (26.46–38.74)

22.44 (18.85–27.68)

28.48 (23.64–35.39)

12.19 (10.18–15.14)

− 2.16 (from − 2.21 to − 2.1)

120.41 (94–134.6)

26.73 (20.82–29.78)

71.62 (62.27–95.57)

13.06 (11.47–17.79)

− 2.55 (from − 2.69 to − 2.4)

120.41 (73.01–169.81)

64.68 (43.28–87.08)

169.69 (116.04–228.38)

41.46 (29.53–56.49)

− 1.99 (from − 2.14 to − 1.84)