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Fig. 1 | Journal of Hematology & Oncology

Fig. 1

From: Tumor-intrinsic signaling pathways: key roles in the regulation of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment

Fig. 1

Tumor-intrinsic signaling induces the exclusion and dysfunction of effective immunocytes. Oncogenic drivers of tumors, including β-catenin, STAT3, PI3K/PTEN/AKT/mTOR, p53, NF-κB, and RAS/RAF/MAPK signaling, are activated in the tumor microenvironment. These oncogenic signaling pathways not only downregulate the production of chemokines, which further decrease the recruitment of DCs, macrophages, T cells, and NK cells to tumor sites, but also induce immunosuppression of these immunocytes. In addition, tumor-intrinsic signaling can induce PD-L1 expression in tumor cells, leading to T cell dysfunction in the tumor microenvironment

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