Fig. 2

Tumor-intrinsic signaling mediates the recruitment and differentiation of immunosuppressive cells. Oncogenic pathways in tumor cells can be activated to promote the production of several chemokines and cytokines, which further enhance the recruitment and polarization of immunosuppressive cells, such as TAMs, MDSCs, Tregs, and TANs, to tumor sites. These immunosuppressive cells within the tumor microenvironment may also contribute to immunoresistance in cancers