Fig. 2
From: Tumorigenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic potential of exosomes in liver cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells can affect biological behavior changes of many types of cells by releasing exosomes. a Exosomes secreted by HCC cells can regulate EMT in adjacent microenvironment and the transformation of inflammatory microenvironment, coordinate with nearby tumor cells to increase invasiveness, and induce the conversion of adjacent fibroblasts and macrophages to CAFs and TAMs. Moreover, HCC-related exosomes can regulate the functions of immune cells and endothelial cells, to induce immune escape and angiogenesis. b HCC cell exosomes mediate signaling pathways and regulatory factors of intercellular interactions or interactions between cells and tissues