Tumorigenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic potential of exosomes in liver cancer

Wang, Hongbo; Lu, Zaiming; Zhao, Xiangxuan

doi:10.1186/s13045-019-0806-6

Journal of Hematology & Oncology

Table 1 Cell biological behavioral changes and signaling pathways mediated by HCC-related exosomes

From: Tumorigenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic potential of exosomes in liver cancer

Cargo	Type	Source	Recipient Cell	Function	Mechanism	Ref
HMGB1	Protein	HepG2, Huh-7, Hep3B, LM3	B cell	Promote TIM-1(+) B cell expansion and suppress CD8(+) T cell activity	Activate TLR-MAPK pathway	[16]
LOXL4	Protein	SK-Hep1/LOXL4	SMMC-7721, SK-Hep1	Promote migration and angiogenesis	Activate FAK/Src pathway to alter cell-matrix adhesion and cell migration ability	[21]
Melatonin	Protein	HepG2, Bel7402	Macrophage	Reverse immunosupression	Suppress p-STAT3 and decrease PD-L1 expression	[129]
Vasorin	Protein	HepG2	HUVEC	Promote proliferation and migration	Not mention	[160]
GOLM1	Protein	MHCC97H	MHCC97H	Promote proliferation, migration and invasion	Activate GSK-3β/MMPs axis	[161]
SMAD3	Protein + RNA	Huh-7	Huh-7	Promote proliferation and adhesion	Enhance TGF-β-SMAD3-ROS signal	[147]
circ-DB	RNA	3T3L1	HepG2	Promote tumor growth and inhibit DNA damage	Suppress miR-34a expression and enhance USP7 and Cyclin A2 expression	[15]
circ-PTGR1	RNA	LM3	HepG2, 97L	Promote migration, invasion and metastasis	Activate MET via interacting with miR-449a	[202]
linc-ROR	RNA	HepG2	HepG2	Tolerance to hypoxia	Neutralize miR-145 and upregulate HIF-1α	[142]
linc-ROR	RNA	HepG2	HepG2	Induce chemoresistance	Not mention	[211]
linc-VLDLR	RNA	HepG2	HepG2, KMBC	Promote chemoresistance	Increase expression of ABC-G2 and ABC-C1	[212]
lncRNA-H19	RNA	Huh-7 (CD90+)	HUVEC	Promote tube formation and cell-cell adhesion	Increase VEGF and ICAM1	[146]
lncRNA-FAL1	RNA	HCC patients serum	Huh-7, HepG2	Promote proliferation and migration	Suppress miR-1236 and upregulate ZEB1 and AFP	[152]
miR-21	RNA	MHCC97H	LX2	Convert normal HSCs to cancer-associated fibroblasts	Depress PTEN, upregulate PDK1/AKT pathway and promote lipogenesis	[14]
miR-1247-3p	RNA	CSQT-2, LM3	Fibroblast	Promote tumorstemness, EMT, chemoresistance, tumorigenicity and metastasis	Downregulate B4GALT3 and activate β1-integrin/NF-κB axis	[134]
miR-125a/b	RNA	TAM	Huh-7, HepG2	Suppress proliferation, stem cell properties and migration	Decrease CD90 expression	[137]
miR-210	RNA	QGY-7703	HUVEC	Promote tubulogenesis	Inhibit SMAD4 and STAT6	[143]
miR-155	RNA	Huh-7, PLC/PRF/5	HUVEC	Promote tube formation under hypoxia condition	Not mention	[145]
miR-103	RNA	QGY-7703	HUVEC	Increase permeability of endothelial monolayers and facilitate transendothelial invasion	Decrease VE-Cad, p120 and ZO-1 to attenuate endothelial adhesion junction integrity	[148]
miR-32-5p	RNA	Bel7402/5-FU	Bel7402	Induce multidrug resistance via angiogenesis and EMT	Suppress PTEN and activate PI3K/Akt pathway	[149]
miR-25-5p	RNA	Huh-7, LM3	Huh-7, LM3	Stimulate transendothelial motility and enhance CTC tumor self-seeding ability	Inhibit LRRC7 expression	[150]
miR-93	RNA	HCC patients serum	SK-Hep1, Huh-7	Stimulate proliferation and invasion	Suppress CDKN1A, TP53INP1 and TIMP2	[151]
miR-122	RNA	AMSC	HepG2	Induce chemosensitivity and cell cycle arrest	Downregulate Cyclin G1, ADAM10 and IGF1R	[222]
miR-320a	RNA	CAF	MHCC97H, SMMC-7721	Inhibit proliferation and metastasis ability	Suppress PBX3/ERK1/2/CDK2 axis	[225]

ABC ATP-binding cassette, AMSC Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell, B4GALT3 β-1,4-galactosyltransferases III, CAF Cancer-associated fibroblast, CDKN1A Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A, circ Circular RNA, EMT Epithelial to mesenchymal transition, HCC Hepatocellular carcinoma, HUVEC Human umbilical vein endothelial cell, Linc Long intergenic non-coding RNA, LncRNA Long non-coding RNA, LRRC7 Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 7, miR microRNA, PBX3 Pre-B-Cell Leukemia Homeobox 3, TAM Tumor-associated macrophage, TIMP2 Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2, TP53INP1 Tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 1, ZEB1 Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1

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