From: Targeting cancers through TCR-peptide/MHC interactions
Name | Structure | Antigen recognized | MHC restricted | Advantages | Disadvantages | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TCR-T | TCR-engineered T cells | peptide/MHC | Yes | • sensitive recognition • strong signaling transduction through integrated T cell signaling pathway • long time persistence with memory immunity for years • applicable for all TCRs | • MHC-restricted • complicated in vitro preparation for each patient and technique-demanding • potential TCRs mismatch • costly | 103-118 |
ImmTAC | TCR-anti CD3 scFv conjugate | peptide/MHC | Yes | • off-the-shelf • easy to penetrate in vivo • activate normal T cells through anti-CD3 signaling pathway • No TCRs mismatch | • MHC-restricted • restricted to limited number of TCRs with solubility • half life in serum is hours • clinical effect needs verification | 121,124,125,126 |
scTCR/IL2 | scTCR-IL-2 fusion protein | peptide/MHC | Yes | • off-the-shelf • easy to penetrate in vivo • activate multiple types of immune cells through paracrine nature of IL-2/IL-2R signaling pathway • no system toxicity of IL-2 | • MHC-restricted • restricted to limited number of TCRs with solubility • half life in serum is hours • clinical effect needs verification | 127-130 |
scTCR/IgG1 | scTCR-Fc conjugate | peptide/MHC | Yes | • off-the-shelf • easy to penetrate in vivo • activate NK, macrophages, monocytes through FC/FcR interaction (ADCC) | • MHC-restricted • restricted to limited number of TCRs with solubility • half life in serum is hours • clinical effect needs verification | 131 |
CAR-T | Chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T cells | surface antigen | No | • not MHC-restricted • high affinity of recognition • strong signaling transduction through CD3ζ signaling pathway • long time persistence with memory immunity for years | • restricted to cell surface antigens • Complicated in vitro preparation process for each patient and technique-demanding • costly | 1,2,5-10 |