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Table 1 Advantages and disadvantages of using PTDX models and cancer organoids for cancer research

From: Emerging organoid models: leaping forward in cancer research

Feature

PDTX models

Cancer organoids

Generation efficiency

10%–70% [7, 8]

70%–100%

Tumor tissue source

Surgically resected specimens

Surgically resected or biopsy needle specimens

Retention of heterogeneity

Retention

Retention

Generation time

4–8 months

4–12 weeks [9,10,11,12]

Passage efficiency

Low

High

Genetic manipulation

Not amenable

Amenable

High-throughput screening for drug discovery

No

Yes

Immune components

Without

Retention [13,14,15,16]

Cost

High

Low