From: Emerging organoid models: leaping forward in cancer research
Tumor organoid model | Cell derived | Research means | Achievement | Refs |
---|---|---|---|---|
Breast cancer organoids | Patient | Quantitative optical imaging | Predict the therapeutic response of anti-tumor drug in individual patients | [23] |
Mice | Organoid culture and xenotransplantation | Identify an early dissemination and metastasis mechanism for Her2+ breast cancer | [24] | |
Liver cancer organoids | Patient | Organoid culture and xenotransplantation | Establishment of hepatocellular carcinoma organoids from needle biopsies, and cancer organoids maintain the genomic features of the original tumors for up to 32 weeks | [11] |
Gastric cancer organoids | Patient | Whole-genome sequencing | Identify mutated driver genes of promoting escape from anoikis in organoid culture | [25] |
Murine | Gene editing | First reveal the potential metastatic role of TGFBR2 loss-of-function in diffuse gastric cancer | [26] | |
Colorectal cancer organoids | Human stem cell | CRISPR-Cas9 | Verify the deficient of key DNA repair gene MLH1 role in drives tumorigenesis | [27] |
Human stem cell | CRISPR-Cas9 and orthotopic transplantation | Visualize the different steps of the in vivo CRC metastatic cascade | [28] | |
Prostate cancer organoids | Patient, Mouse | Organoid culture and xenotransplantation | Show the role of nucleoporins in the progression of pancreatic cancer | [29] |
Patient | Organoid culture and xenotransplantation | Maintain prostate cancer-specific mutations and are suitable for in vitro and in vivo drug testing | [30] | |
Pancreatic cancer organoids | Patient | Organoid culture | The treatment profiles are parallel to the patient’s outcomes and the chemo-sensitivity of patient can be assessed | [31] |
Patient | Tumor organoids co-culture with stromal cells | Evaluate cancer-stroma cell interactions | [32] | |
Glioblastoma organoids | Patient | Organoid culture and xenotransplantation | Patient-derived organoids display histological features and recapitulate the hypoxic gradients in vivo | [33] |