Fig. 3
From: The role of cancer-derived microRNAs in cancer immune escape
Cancer cells-derived miRNAs regulating immune evasion via exosomes or vehicles. Cancer-derived miRNAs could be packed into exosomes or microvesicles, which are transferred to numerous TILs and shape an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Cancer-derived exosomal miRNAs impair the cytotoxicity of effector cells, inducing the polarization of macrophages toward M2-like phenotype, promoting the expansion and the immunosuppressive activity of MDSCs, as well as inhibiting infiltration of lymphocytes via CAF-mediated matrix remodeling. TIL tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte, MDSC myeloid-derived suppressor cell, CAF cancer-associated fibroblast, TAM tumor-associated macrophage