Fig. 1
From: How to select IgG subclasses in developing anti-tumor therapeutic antibodies
Depiction of tumor microenvironment. Tumor microenvironment (TME) is specially built up by tumor cells creating an ideal environment for tumor cell growth. TME is full of immunosuppressive cells (such as Tregs, M2 macrophages) and soluble factors (such as VEGF, TGF-β, FGL-1) secreted by tumor cells that play roles in promoting angiogenesis and tumor growth, in induction of Tregs and M2 macrophages. Tumor cells can also initiate epigenetic silencing pathways preventing immune cells from infiltration into TME. The best rationale for developing BsAb would be to simultaneously inhibit tumor growth and activate long-lasting immunity against tumors