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Fig. 1 | Journal of Hematology & Oncology

Fig. 1

From: Crosstalks between inflammasome and autophagy in cancer

Fig. 1

Overview of macroautophagy and mitophagy. Autophagy has dual roles in cancer, depending on the disease stage and tumor microenvironment. A summary of macroautophagy (autophagy) and mitophagy is shown. Autophagy can be divided into three steps: initiation, elongation, and maturation. In each step, several key players participate in the formation of phagophore (initiation), autophagosome elongation, and maturation (fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes). In mitophagy, dysfunctional mitochondria are recognized by Parkin-dependent or Parkin-independent pathways. Ubiquitin, ubiquitin-binding proteins, and autophagy receptors, such as p62, NBR1, NDP52, and OPTN, are involved in the Parkin/PINK1-dependent mitophagy activation. In the Parkin-independent mitophagy pathway, several mitophagy receptors (Nix/BNIP3L, BNIP3, FUNDC1, BCL2L13, and FKBP8) direct damaged mitochondria to the LC3-mediated autophagy machinery

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