Table 4 Clinical trials to evaluate the safety and efficacy of targeting autophagy in cancer
From: Crosstalks between inflammasome and autophagy in cancer
Cancer type | Autophagy-targeting drug | Combination therapy | Phase (status) | Primary outcomes/results | Ref. or trial ID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Colon cancer | Hydroxychloroquine | FOLFOX/Bevacizumab | II (completed) | Response rate | NCT 01206530 |
Hydroxychloroquine | Capecitabine/Oxaliplatin/Bevacizumab | II (completed) | Progression-free survival | NCT 01006369 | |
Lung cancer | Chloroquine | none | I (terminated) | Incidence of adverse events | NCT 00969306 |
Hydroxychloroquine | Paclitaxel/Carboplatin/Bevacizumab | II (completed) | Response rate | NCT 01649947 | |
Breast cancer | Hydroxychloroquine | Letrozole/Palbociclib | I/II (recruiting) | Change in tumor proliferation index (Ki-67) | NCT 03774472 |
Chloroquine | None | II (completed) | Response rate | NCT 01023477 | |
Chloroquine | None | II (completed) | Tumor proliferation index (Ki-67) : no difference | [131] | |
Multiple Myeloma | Hydroxychloroquine | Bortezomib | I (completed) | Very good PR: 14% Minor response: 14% SD: 45% | [137] |
Ricolinostat | Bortezomib/Dexamethasone | I/II (completed) | ORR: 37% | [132] | |
Prostatic cancer | Pantoprazole | Doxorubicin | I (completed) | PR: 8.3% | [133] |
Renal cell cancer | Hydroxychloroquine | Aldesleukin | I/II(completed) | CR 10.3%, PR 10.3% SD 48.3%, PD 31.0% | NCT 01550367 |
Lymphoma | Hydroxychloroquine | Doxorubicin | I (in dogs) (completed) | ORR: 93.3% PFS: 5 months | [134] |
Pancreatic cancer | Hydroxychloroquine | Gemcitabine/Paclitaxel | II (completed) | ORR: 38.2% (control 21.1%) | [135] |
Hydroxychloroquine | Gemcitabine | I/II (completed) | Decrease in CA 19-9: 61% | [136] | |
Glioblastoma | Hydroxychloroquine | Radiation/Temozomide | I/II (completed) | Overall survival | NCT 00486603 |