Table 1 Summary of clinically approved drugs that may induce ferroptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis in cancers and their effects on antitumor immunity

Sulfasalazine

Anti-inflammatory drug

System Xc-

Ferroptosis induction

[121]

Unknown

Glutamate

Nutrient

System Xc-

Ferroptosis induction

[59]

Increased immune suppression

[122]

Sorafenib

Anticancer drug

System Xc-

Ferroptosis/necroptosis induction

[123]

Null effect on antitumor immunity

[124]

Cisplatin

Anticancer drug

GSH/GSDME

Ferroptosis/pyroptosis induction

[109, 125]

Enhanced antitumor immunity

[126]

Statins

Hyperlipemia drug

HMGCR

Ferroptosis induction

[127]

Enhanced antitumor immunity

[128]

Trigonelline

Nutrient additive

Nrf2

Ferroptosis induction

[129]

Unknown

Artesunate

Antimalarial drug

ROS

Ferroptosis/necroptosis induction

[75]

Enhanced antitumor immunity

[130,131,132]

Shikonin

Thrombocytopenia drug

RIPK1/RIPK3

Necroptosis induction

[52]

Enhanced antitumor immunity

[133]

Resibufogenin

Heart failure drug

RIPK3, MLKL

Necroptosis induction

[134]

Unknown

5-FU

Anticancer drug

TNF-α/RIPK3

Necroptosis induction

[135]

Enhanced antitumor immunity

[136]

Metformin

Anti-diabetes drug

GSDMD

Pyroptosis induction

[137]

Enhanced antitumor immunity

[138]

Anthocyanin

Nutrient

NLRP3

Pyroptosis induction

[139]

Enhanced antitumor immunity

[140]

DHA

Nutrient

GSDMD

Pyroptosis induction

[141]

Enhanced antitumor immunity

[142]

Paclitaxel

Anticancer drug

GSDME

Pyroptosis induction

[109]

Enhanced antitumor immunity

[143]

Iron

Nutrient

Ferrous/GSDME

Ferroptosis/necroptosis induction

[144, 145]

Enhanced antitumor immunity

[146]

Doxorubicin

Anticancer drug

GSH/GSDME2

Ferroptosis/pyroptosis induction

[147]

Enhanced antitumor immunity

[148]