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Table 1 Notable clinical trials targeting immune checkpoints in hematological malignancies

From: Targeting immune checkpoints in hematological malignancies

Clinical trial

Phase

Patient characteristics

Intervention

Response

Reference

NCT01592370

I

Relapsed or refractory HL

Nivolumab

ORR 87%

[46]

CheckMate 205 (NCT02181738)

II

cHLCohort A: brentuximab vedotin naïve

Cohort B: brentuximab vedotin after auto-HCT

Cohort C: brentuximab vedotin before and/or after auto-HCT

Cohort D: nivolumab monotherapy followed by nivolumab plus doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine for newly diagnosed HL

Nivolumab

ORR:

Cohort A 65%

Cohort B 68%

Cohort C 73%

Cohort D 84%

[47, 48]

KEYNOTE-013 (NCT01953692)

I

cHL after brentuximab vedotin failure

Pembrolizumab

ORR 65%

[49]

KEYNOTE-087 (NCT02453594)

II

Relapsed or refractory cHL,

Cohort 1: after ASCT/brentuximab vedotin

Cohort 2: ineligible for ASCT and experienced treatment failure with brentuximab vedotin

Cohort 3: No brentuximab vedotin after ASCT

Pembrolizumab

ORR:

Cohort 1 73.9%

Cohort 2 64.2%

Cohort 3 70%

[50]

NCT02038933

II

Relapsed or refractory DLBCL

Cohort 1: auto-HCT-failed

Cohort 2: auto-HCT-ineligible

Nivolumab

ORR:

Cohort 1 10%

Cohort 2 3%

[51]

NCT02446457

II

Relapsed FL

Pembrolizumab

Rituximab

Pre-planned interim analysis: ORR 80%

[52]

NCT03245021

II

Previously untreated FL

Single-agent nivolumab followed by combined nivolumab and rituximab

Pre-planned interim analysis: ORR 84%

[53]

NCT03278782

I/II

Relapsed or refractory peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL)

Pembrolizumab

Romidepsin

ORR 44%

[54]

NCT02243579

II

Recurrent mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome

Pembrolizumab

ORR 38%

[55]

KEYNOTE-023 (NCT02036502)

I

Relapsed or refractory MM

Pembrolizumab combined with lenalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone

ORR 44%

[56]

KEYNOTE-183 (NCT02576977)

III

Relapsed or refractory MM

Pembrolizumab plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone

Pembrolizumab plus pomalidomide and dexamethasone group:

Median PFS: 5.6 months (95% CI 3.7–7.5);

Pomalidomide and dexamethasone group: 8.4 months (5.9–not reached)

[57]

KEYNOTE-185 (NCT02579863)

III

Treatment-naive MM

Pembrolizumab plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone

Progression-free survival estimates at 6-months were 82.0% (95% CI 73.2–88.1) versus 85.0% (76.8–90.5; hazard ratio [HR] 1.22; 95% CI 0.67–2.22; p = 0.75)

[58]

NCT01822509

I

Patients with relapse after allogeneic transplantation:

AML (in 12 patients, including 3 with leukemia cutis and 1 with a myeloid sarcoma), HL (in 7), NHL (in 4), and myelodysplastic syndrome (in 2). One patient each had MM, myeloproliferative neoplasm, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Ipilimumab

Patients that received a dose of 10 mg/kg: CR (23%)

[59]

NCT02397720

II

Relapsed or refractory AML

Azacitidine and nivolumab

ORR 33%

[60]

  1. cHL classic Hodgkin lymphoma, NHL non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, PTCL peripheral T cell lymphoma, MM multiple myeloma, AML acute myeloid leukemia, ASCT allogeneic stem cell transplantation, HCT hematopoietic cell transplantation, ORR objective response rate, CR complete response, HR hazard ratio, PFS progression-free survival, FL follicular lymphoma, DLBCL diffuse large B cell lymphoma