Isolation and characterization of exosomes for cancer research

Table 1 Comparison of different exosome separation technologies

Separation technology		Advantages	Disadvantages	Refs
Centrifugation techniques	Ultracentrifugation	Most commonly used and well developed	Low purity	[46, 60]
Centrifugation techniques	Density gradient centrifugation	High practicability	Time consuming	[46, 61]
Size-based techniques	Ultrafiltration	Size uniformity of yield	Low yield and potential for pore blockage	[53, 62]
Size-based techniques	Size exclusion chromatography	Economical and non-destructive	Complicated	[63, 64]
Capture-based techniques	Magnetic beads and immunoaffinity	High purity Specific separation	Separate exosomes with targeted proteins only	[45, 54, 65]
Polymer-based techniques	Commercial kits	Fast procedures Convenient operation	Unstable quality of kits Massive expense	[57, 66]
Microfluidics-based techniques	Size-based microfluidics Immunoaffinity-based microfluidic separation Dynamic microfluidics	Fast separation Continuous process Higher purity	Complicated equipment Difficult to operate	[35, 55, 56, 67]

ISSN: 1756-8722