Table 4 LncRNAs regulate UPR pathway components

MEG3

Breast cancer

Increases ER stress-related proteins (GRP78, IRE1, PERK, ATF6, and CHOP) and NF-κB

Inhibits growth, induces apoptosis

[121]

Downregulated

ESCC

Increases ER stress-related proteins (GRP78, IRE1, PERK, ATF6, and CHOP), caspase-9, and cleaved caspase-3

Inhibits cell growth, induces apoptosis

[122]

Downregulated

HCC

Increases ER stress-related proteins (GRP78, IRE1, PERK, ATF6, and CHOP)

Inhibits proliferation, induces apoptosis

[123]

Downregulated

Cervical carcinoma

Competing endogenous RNA of miR-7-5p

Accelerate ER stress-mediated apoptosis

[124]

Downregulated

Colorectal carcinoma

Increases ER stress-related proteins (GRP78, ATF6, and CHOP)

Suppresses proliferation and invasion

[125]

CASC2

Downregulated

NSCLC

Increases PERK mRNA stability

Promotes radiation-induced apoptosis

[127]

FOXD3-AS1

Upregulated

NPC

Silencing FOXD3-AS1 promotes ER stress-induced apoptosis by competitively binding to let-7e-5p

Silencing of FOXD3-AS1 induces apoptosis

[128]

LincRNA-p21

Downregulated

HCC

Induces expression of IRE1, CHOP, and GRP78 and upregulates the phosphorylation level of PERK

Contributes to sorafenib-induced ER stress and apoptosis

[132]

NORAD

Upregulated

Melanoma

Knockdown of NORAD can inhibit UPR-related genes including GRP78, CHOP, and eIF2α

Promotes invasion and migration

[136]

NEAT1

Upregulated

Multiple myeloma

Promotes expression of UPR-related proteins CHOP, XBP-1, and IRE1

Promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion

[141]

LUCRC

Upregulated

Colorectal cancer

Induces the expression of GRP78

Promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion

[142]

OR3A4

Upregulated

Osteosarcoma

Knockdown of OR3A4 inhibits the expression of G6PD, blocking the pentose phosphate pathway and resulting in ER-stress

Promotes proliferation, colony formation

[145]