Table 3 The impact of mis-specifying p% on the design and analysis. At the design stage, the sample size required to achieve the target power is calculated using the conventional design ignoring response dichotomy and the p-embedded design recognizing response dichotomy but mis-specifying the true p^∗% to be p^m%. Given the sample size calculated, the empirical power (EP) is evaluated under the true response dichotomy p^∗%. Target power is 80%. Lag duration is 1 month. Hazard ratio for responding patients is 0.3. Total study duration is 5 years

From: Treating non-responders: pitfalls and implications for cancer immunotherapy trial design