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Table 2 Some typical stemness genes of MSCs

From: Challenges and advances in clinical applications of mesenchymal stromal cells

Abbreviation

Names

Functional description

References

HMGB1

High Mobility Group Box 1

Interacts with SDF-1 and CXCR4; required for tissue repairment

[30]

KLF2

Krüppel-like Factor 2

Enhances MSC proliferation; required for the maintenance of stemness

[31]

MCM2

Minichromosome maintenance marker 2

Required for cell division and DNA replication

[32]

CCNA2

Cyclin A2

Regulates cell cycle

[33]

PCNA

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen

Recruits and retains many enzymes required for DNA replication and repairment

[34]

POLA1

DNA Polymerase Alpha 1

Required for DNA replication

[35]

POLD1

DNA Polymerase Delta 1

Required for DNA replication

[36]

RFC4

replication factor C subunit 4

Required for DNA replication

[37]

MAD2L1

mitotic arrest-deficient 2 like 1

Executes mitotic checkpoint

[38]

CDK1

Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1

A catalytic subunit of a protein kinase complex that induces cell entry into mitosis

[39]

CCNB1

Cyclin B1

Predominantly expressed in the G2/M phase of cell division

[40]

CDC45

Cell Division Cycle 45

An important component of the replication fork, in DNA unwinding

[41]

TUBA1B

Tubulin Alpha 1b

Mitosis, cell movement, intracellular movement, and other biological processes

[42]

E2F1

E2F Transcription Factor 1

Promotes proliferation or apoptosis in response to DNA damage

[43]

BIRC5

Baculoviral IAP Repeat Containing 5

Regulates apoptosis

[44]

BLM

Bloom syndrome, RecQ helicase-like

Maintains genome integrity

[45]

ITGAV

Integrin Subunit Alpha V

Belongs to α-V integrin family, required for cell surface adhesion

[46]

MAD2L1

Mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2A

Required for chromosomes alignment at metaphase plate

[47]