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Table 3 The mechanisms of FGFR-TKIs resistance

From: FGFR-TKI resistance in cancer: current status and perspectives

TKI classification

TKI name

Involved mechanisms

Pan-FGFR inhibitors

LY2874455

FGFR2-ACSL5 fusion

Multi-kinase inhibitors

Ponatinib

PTEN

Nintedanib

ABCB1 induced drug-efflux; Lysosomal sequestration

Selective FGFR inhibitors

AZD4547

Gene fusion: JHDM1D-BRAF fusion; Alternative pathways activation: RAS-MAPK pathway, ErbB3/PI3K/AKT pathway, MET; Related molecular abnormalities: RASA1, PHLDA1, PTEN, STAT3; Other: EMT; Drugs-efflux

BGJ398

Alternative pathways activation: RAS-MAPK pathway, PI3K/AKT /GSK pathway, MET, ErbB2/3 pathway; Related molecular abnormalities: NRAS, DUSP6; Other: EMT

PD173074

EGFR signaling pathway; PHLDA1; EMT; Lysosomal sequestration

AZ12908010

MET