Table 2 Potential therapies targeting chemokines and their receptors in ALL
From: Targeting chemokines for acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy
Targets | Drugs | Clinical stages/NCT numbers | Functions | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
CXCL12/CXCR4 axis | AMD3100 (Plerixafor) | Phase 1/ NCT01319864 | Increasing the sensitivity of chemotherapeutic drugs and promoting the apoptosis of ALL cells | [103] |
AMD11070 | NA | Inhibiting CXCL12-induced signaling pathways and block the migration of ALL cells | [108] | |
AMD3465 | NA | Suppressing the growth and infiltration of T-ALL | [16] | |
T140, T134 &TC14012 | NA | Inhibiting proliferation and migration, enhancing the effects of the cytotoxic agents | ||
BL-8040 | Phase 2/ NCT02763384 | Suppressing T-ALL cell growth in xenotransplantation models and mobilizing of leukemic blasts into the peripheral blood in T-ALL patients | [116] | |
POL5551 | NA | Attenuating CXCL12-mediated phosphorylation of ERK1/2, inhibiting CXCL12-induced chemotaxis, and increasing chemosensitivity of ALL cells | [119] | |
CCL25/CCR9 axis | CCL25-PE38 | NA | Inducing apoptosis and inhibiting the growth of CCR9+ cells | [120] |
91R, 92R | NA | Inhibiting CCR9+ T-ALL tumor growth through CDC, ADCC | ||
CCR5 | Maraviroc | NA | Inhibiting the proliferation of ALL cells by inhibiting the JAK/STAT3 pathway | [94] |