Fig. 1.

8-Cl-Ado attenuates FAO and OXPHOS in AML. a + b Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) graphs of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism (Hallmark fatty acid metabolism) upon treatment of MV4-11 AML cells for 4, 12, and 24 h with 250 nM 8-Cl-Ado (a) and primary AML blasts for 24 h with 500 nM 8-Cl-Ado (b) versus control. ES, enrichment score; NES, normalized enrichment score; FDR, false discovery rate. N = 2 for MV4-11; N = 1 for primary AML blasts. c Effects of 8-Cl-Ado on apoptosis of CD34+CD38− AML blasts. Cells were treated with 500 nM (+) and 1 µM (++) 8-Cl-Ado for 48 h. Left, fragmentation of genomic DNA, as measured by gel electrophoresis. Middle, apoptosis as measured by Annexin V/DAPI staining and flow cytometry. Right, measurement of PCNA by western blotting. d Effects of 8-Cl-Ado on FAO levels of CD34 +CD38− AML blasts. The cells were treated for 24 h as described in c and FAO assay results are presented as fold change, compared to control. e, f Effects of 8-Cl-Ado on levels of OCR and ECAR of CD34 +CD38− AML blasts. The cells were treated for 24 h as described in c, and levels of OCR (e) and ECAR (f) were measured using the Seahorse XF cell energy phenotype test kit